Table 4.

Perceived Contributors to Sexual Harassment (Health worker and managers FGDs and KIIs)

Perceived individual- or relationship-level contributors (from FGDs and KIIs)

“Indecent dressing”—women’s clothing provokes it Provocative walking– women’s behavior provokes it Medical examinations—women’s state of undress provokes it Living away from spouse Proximity to co-worker Alcoholism Libido Morals/poor upbringing

Perceived organizational contributors (from FGDs and KIIs)

Abuse of power Manager/supervisor power Unclear expectations of professional behavior Poor induction of new hires Unclear definitions Lack of grievance/reporting process Lack of privacy in sleeping quarters Belief women can be touched Impunity for touching, sexual harassment Only sexual assault or rape is taken seriously

Perceived cultural/societal contributors (from FGDs and KIIs)

Poverty and unemployment Regional, ethnic and gender traits Non-consensual touching of women