Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies—observational studies with control group and interventional studies
| Study (reference no) | Intervention (I) |
Comparator (C) |
Outcomes being evaluated | Disease duration | Total subjects enrolled | Gender (M:F) | Age of subjects | Follow-up duration | Children/adults/both |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| de Souza 2016 (57) | LEF | Other DMARDs | Angio; ∆CS | 95 (73–144) mc I, 77 (62–112) mc C | 12 (5 I, 7 C) | 1:11 | 34.9 ± 12.5 ya | 43 ± 7.6 ma | Adults |
| Aeschlimann 2017 (60) | MTX | CYC | Clinical | 6 (2.9–15.2) md | 27 total (10 I, 5 C) | 7:20 | 12.4 (9.1–14.4) d | 6 me | Children |
| Sun 2017 (67) | CYC | MTX | Clinical; Angio | 18 (4–42) yc I, 18 (5–70) yc C | 58 (46 I, 12 C) | 15:43 | 36 (27–51) yc I, 35 (25–49) yc C | 6 me | Adults |
| Dai 2020 (83) | LEF | CYC | Clinical | 20 (5–50) md | 131 (53 I, 78 C) | 29:102 | 34.5 ± 13.6ya | 9 me | Both |
| Wu 2020 (93) | LEF | MTX | Clinical; Angio; relapse | 11 (4–56) md | 68 (40 I, 28 C) | 12:56 | 34 (24–45) yd | 12 me | NA |
| Ying 2020 (94) | LEF | CYC | Clinical; Angio | 5 (1–36) md I, 12 (2.5–48) md C | 92 (47 I, 45 C) | 26:66 | 33.5 (24.5–41) yd I, 31 (26.5–49) yd C | 12 me | NA |
| Rongyi 2021 (96) | HCQ | Other DMARDs | Angio | NA | 50 (21 I, 29 C) | NA | NA | 6 me | NA |
| Mekinian 2015 (55) | TNFi | Tocilizumab | Clinical; relapse | NA | 49 | 10:39 | 42 (20–55) yc | 16 (2–85) mc | Adults |
| bDMARDs | cDMARDs | ||||||||
| Gudbrandsson 2017 (61) | TNFi | cDMARDs | Clinical; Angio | NA | 97 | 11:86 | 33.9 ± 15 ya | 11.7 ± 12 ya | Both |
| Kong 2018 (69) | Tocilizumab | CYC | Clinical; Angio; ∆CS | 10 (5–43) md I, 2 (1–24) md C | 24 (9 I, 15 C) | 6:18 | 32.11 ± 11.76 ya I, 43 ± 16.68 ya C | 6 me | Both |
| Wang 2019 (78) | Tocilizumab | CYC | Clinical; ∆CS | NA | 49 (27 I, 22 C) | NA | NA | 6 me | NA |
| Pan 2020 (90) | Tocilizumab | cDMARDs | Clinical; ∆CS | 12 (6–168) md I, 57 (5–282) md C | 22 (11 I, 11 C) | 1:21 | 37.02 ± 13.16ya | 6 me | Both |
| Campochiaro 2020 (80) | TNFi | Tocilizumab | Clinical | 119.5 ± 110.1 ma | 50 (61 I, 17 C)$ | 1:9 | 39.1 ± 12.1 ya | 2 ye | Both |
| Langford 2017 (63) | Abatacept | Placebo | Relapse |
5.1 yf (I) 0.91f (C) |
26 (11 I, 15 C) | 4:22 |
30.2 yf (I) 28.6f (C) |
12 me | Adults |
| Shao 2017 (65) | Curcumin | Placebo | Clinical | NA | 246 (120 I, 126 C) | 104: 142 |
36.2 ya (I) 34.7 ya (C) |
4 we | Adults |
| Shi 2016 (66) | Resveratrol | Placebo | Clinical | NA | 220 (112 I, 108 C) | 79: 141 | 33.47 ± 15.52 yc | 12 we | Both |
| Nakaoka 2018 (72) | Tocilizumab | Placebo | Relapse | 5.02 ± 5.94 yc | 36 (18 I, 18 C) | 5: 31 | 30.95 ± 15.80 yc |
19 we (I) 12.8 we (P) |
Both |
| Nakaoka 2020 (89) | Tocilizumab* | - | Clinical; Angio; ∆CS; relapse; QOL | 5.02 ± 5.94 yc | 36 | 5: 31 | 30.95 ± 15.80 yc | 96 we | Both |
m months, w week, y years, Angio serial angiographic assessment, ∆CS change in corticosteroid dose before and after, CYC cyclophosphamide, DMARDs disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, bDMARDs biologic DMARDs, cDMARDs conventional DMARDs, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, LEF leflunomide, MTX methotrexate, PET positron emission tomography computerized tomography, QOL quality of life, TNFi tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors
*Open label extension of 46 patients
$Courses of treatment
aMean ± standard deviation
bMean with range
cMedian with range
dMedian with interquartile range
eMean
fMedian
gRange
.