Table 6.
Profile of infections with DMARDs in Takayasu arteritis
| Study* | Drug | Infections (number of episodes) |
|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trials | ||
| Langford 2017 (63) | Abatacept | URTI (2), sinusitis (2), otitis media (1), LRTI (2), cutaneous (1), pyelonephritis (1), vaginal candidiasis (2), UTI (2) |
| Nakaoka 2018 (72) | Tocilizumab | Infections (9) |
| Nakaoka 2020 (89) | Tocilizumab | Infections (32); serious infections (6): bacteremia (1), gastroenteritis (2), LRTI (2), pyelonephritis (1) |
| Controlled observational studies | ||
| Sun 2017 (67) | CYC | LRTI (3), UTI (1) |
| MTX | None | |
| Dai 2020 (83) | LEF | None |
| CYC | LRTI (3), fever (1) | |
| Wu 2020 (93) | LEF | LRTI (3), UTI (1) |
| MTX | LRTI (2), UTI (1) | |
| Ying 2020 (94) | LEF | LRTI (4), UTI (1) |
| CYC | LRTI (6), UTI (1), cutaneous (1) | |
| Kong 2018 (69) | Tocilizumab | None |
| CYC | None | |
| Pan 2020 (90) | Tocilizumab | None |
| cDMARDs | URTI (1) | |
| Uncontrolled observational studies | ||
| Shelhamer 1985 (32) | CYC | Cystitis (2), varicella zoster virus (1) |
| Hoffman 1994 (33) | MTX | Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia |
| Valsakumar 2003 (35) | AZA | None |
| Shinjo 2007 (39) | MMF | None |
| Goel 2010 (41) | MMF | Severe sepsis |
| de Souza 2012 (42) | LEF | None |
| Stern 2014 (53) | CYC | H1N1 influenza (1), cholecystitis (1), sinusitis (1), gastroenteritis (1), E. coli sepsis (1) |
| Li 2016 (58) | MMF | Hepatitis B virus reactivation (1) |
| Cui 2020 (82) | LEF | None |
| Li 2020 (86) | Tofacitinib | None |
| Nakagomi 2018 (71) | Rituximab | LRTI (1), invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (1) |
| Pazzola 2018 (75) | Rituximab | None |
| Hoffman 2004 (36) | TNFi | Histoplasmosis (1), varicella zoster virus (1) |
| Baldissera 2007 (37) | TNFi | None |
| Molloy 2008 (40) | TNFi | Viral infection (1), histoplasmosis (1) |
| Mekinian 2012 (43) | TNFi | Cutaneous (1), Epstein Barr virus (1), pulmonary tuberculosis (1) |
| Quartuccio 2012 (44) | TNFi | None |
| Schmidt 2012 (45) | TNFi | LRTI (3), varicella zoster virus (1), pyelonephritis (1), postoperative infection (1) |
| Tombetti 2013 (48) | TNFi | None |
| Serra 2014 (52) | TNFi | None |
| Youngstein 2014 (54) | TNFi | None |
| Kleinmann 2017 (62) | TNFi | None |
| Novikov 2018 (73) | TNFi | Herpes labialis (2), LRTI (1), tonsillitis (1), UTI (1), postoperative abscess (1) |
| Campochiaro 2020 (81) | TNFi | Varicella zoster virus (6), UTI (3), gastroenteritis (1) |
| Mertz 2020 (88) | TNFi | Pyelonephritis (2), otitis media (1) |
| Park 2018 (74) | TNFi | URTI (3), viral keratitis (1) |
| Erbasan 2020 (98) | TNFi, Tocilizumab | Serious infections (3), tubercular lymphadenitis (1) (in the entire cohort) |
| Goel 2013 (47) | Tocilizumab | UTI (1), URTI (1) |
| Tombetti 2013 (48) | Tocilizumab | Recurrent respiratory infections |
| Canas 2014 (50) | Tocilizumab | None |
| Loricera 2014 (51) | Tocilizumab | None |
| Novikov 2015 (56) | Tocilizumab | LRTI (3), varicella zoster virus (1) |
| Loricera 2016 (59) | Tocilizumab | None |
| Zhou 2017 (68) | Tocilizumab | UTI (1) |
| Mekinian 2018 (70) | Tocilizumab | Dental abscess (1) |
| Shah 2019 (77) | Tocilizumab | Postoperative infection (1) |
| Gon 2020 (84) | Tocilizumab | None |
| Kilic 2020 (85) | Tocilizumab | None |
| Mekinian 2020 (87) | Tocilizumab | URTI (3), viral gastroenteritis (2), UTI (1), varicella zoster virus (1) |
| Prieto-Pena 2020 (91) | Tocilizumab | LRTI (2), varicella zoster virus (1), abdominal sepsis (1) |
| Wang 2020 (92) | Tocilizumab | None |
| Isobe 2021 (95) | Tocilizumab | LRTI (1) |
*Studies which did not report infections are not mentioned here
AZA azathioprine, cDMARDs conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, CYC cyclophosphamide, LEF leflunomide, MTX methotrexate, MMF mycophenolate mofetil, TNFi tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors, LRTI lower respiratory tract infection, URTI upper respiratory tract infection, UTI urinary tract infection