Table 1.

Study site characteristics preimplementation.

Site	City	Estimated patient population	Community	Setting	Emergency department provider IPPa access	Patient IPP access
Augusta University Adult Center for Blood Disorders	Augusta	358	Urban	Academic	IPPs in secured servers in the emergency department for some patients, not in the electronic health record	No
Duke University Medical Center	Durham	450	Suburban	Academic	Electronic health record–embedded IPPs, but they do not have provider contact	No
Mount Sinai Hospital	New York	175	Urban	Academic	IPPs in clinical notes	No
Methodist University Hospital	Memphis	350	Urban	Private hospital	IPPs in clinical notes	IPPs in clinical notes
Barnes-Jewish Hospital	St. Louis	300	Urban	Academic	No IPPs	No
University of California at San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland	Oakland	286	Urban	Academic	IPPs in clinical notes	No
University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Sickle Cell Center	Chicago	600	Urban	Academic	IPPs in emergency department and clinical notes for select patients	No
Medical University of South Carolina Health Emergency Department	Charleston	400	Urban	Academic	Electronic health record–embedded IPPs	No

^aIPP: individualized pain plan.