Table 3.

Eligibility criteria.

Entity	Criteria
Participating sites
	Inclusion	Site hematologist or sickle cell disease provider willing to write an IPPa for patients meeting eligibility criteria Informatics resources available to support all aspects of the intervention Placement of the E-IPPb that is accessible to both the provider and patient Ability to support text messaging to patients for survey administration Support from emergency medicine and nursing leadership to agree to follow the IPP unless there is a contraindication at the time of the emergency department vaso-occlusive episode visit
	Exclusion	None
Patient participants
	Inclusion	Confirmed sickle cell disease diagnosis, defined as supported by documentation in the medical record of a positive test for 1 of the following genotypes: Hb SS, Hb SC, Hb Sβ-thalassemia, Hb SO, Hb SD, Hb SG, Hb SE, or Hb SF. If no medical record is available, the enrolling site will conduct its own laboratory test as confirmation English speaking Age 18-45 years (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant requirement) Access to either an Android or iOS cellular or mobile smartphone, with access to text messaging and internet At least 1 vaso-occlusive episode visit to the participating site’s emergency department within the past 90 days prior to enrollment At least 1 visit at the study site sickle cell disease clinic within the past 12 months Willing and cognitively able to give informed consent
	Exclusion	Site hematologist or sickle cell disease provider states patient should not have a protocol or should not be administered opioids
Provider participants
	Inclusion	All emergency physicians, nurses, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners who work in the study emergency department will have access to the E-IPPs as routine practice and physicians are asked to complete baseline surveys at enrollment for research purposes
	Exclusion	None

^aIPP: individualized pain plan.

^aE-IPP: electronic health record–embedded individualized pain plan.