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Summary of possible sources of renal histamine, and its metabolism. It is hypothesized that in the renal tissue, histamine can emerge from the circulation, or from a local pool—via intrarenal production by immune cells, such as mast cells, or renal epithelium. Histamine is formed from histidine with the help of HDC (histamine decarboxylase), and further histamine metabolites are formed by HNMT (histamine‐N‐methyltransferase) or DAO (diamine oxidase)
