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. 2021 May 1;12:257. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02287-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Therapeutic effects of hADSC-Exo in an in vivo mouse model. a Representative photographs of full-thickness excision wounds treated with hADSC iv and hADSC-Exo iv with or without hADSC-Exo sm. b Quantitative analysis of wound healing in each group. c Histological structure of wounded skin in different groups. Scale bar = 250 μm. d Masson staining of wounded skin sections in different groups at day 12 post-wounding. Scale bar = 200 μm. e The IHC of collagen-I and collagen-III in wounded skin sections on day 12 post-wounding. Scale bar = 200 μm. f Quantitative analysis of collagen I, collagen III, and the ratio of collagen I/collagen III. g Representative images of immunohistochemical results of CD31 and VEGF. Scale bar = 200 μm. h Quantitative analysis of the number of mature blood vessels. Quantitative analysis of the positive cells in the membrane tissues. i Representative images of immunohistochemical results of Ki67, PCNA, and C-Caspase3. Scale bar = 200 μm. j Quantitative analysis of the positive cells in the skin tissues. k Representative photographs of CD14, CD19, CD68, and TNF-alpha immunostaining. Scale bar = 200 μm. l Quantification of CD14+, CD19+, CD68+, and TNF-alpha+ IHC stained tissues. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean; n = 5 for each group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 vs vehicle control group