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. 2021 May 2;8:13. doi: 10.1186/s40580-021-00263-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a An aptamer-AuNPs strip biosensor for visual detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). b Silica-coated gold nanobipyramids in combination with the fluorescent dye Cy7, which fluorescence is quenched by Cu²⁺ ions and recovered by pyrophosphates (PPi) that are produced during rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction triggered by miRNA target. c an electrochemical detection of miRNA captured onto an electrode by deposited AuNPs-DNA. The signal is generated by an intercalating redox dye. d AuNPs decorated with molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets are used for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal enhancement in miRNA analysis. AuNPs gold nanoparticles, TZ test zone, CZ control zone, SA streptavidin, B biotin