TABLE 1.
Antibiotics, bacteriocins, and effectors that target peptidoglycan synthesis and structurea
| Antibiotic(s), bacteriocin(s), or effector(s) (reference[s]) | Class or secretion system | Activity or target |
|---|---|---|
| Antibiotics | ||
| Cephamycin A to C (22); cephabacins (23); nocardicin A (29, 30); monobactams (31–33); thienamycin (24); epithienamycin (25); 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid (26, 27) | β-Lactam | d,d-Transpeptidases |
| Mannopeptimycins α to ε (55) | Glycopeptide | Lipid II |
| Vancomycin (49); balhimycin (50); chloroeremomycin (51); actinoidin A (48); ristocetin A (48); teicoplanin (52); A40926 (53); A47934 (54); complestatin (48) | Glycopeptide | d-Ala–d-Ala of lipid II |
| Amphomycin (70); friulimicin (71) | Cyclic peptide | Undecaprenyl phosphate |
| Bacitracin (74, 75) | Cyclic peptide | Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate |
| Plusbacin A3 (61) | Cyclic peptide | Glycosyltransferases |
| Teixobactin (62); katanosin B (59, 60); enduracidin A and B (63); empedopeptin (66); lysocin E (68); ramoplanins (69) | Cyclic peptide | Lipid II |
| Moenomycins (77) | Phosphoglycolipid | Glycosyltransferases |
| Mureidomycins (79); pacidamycins (80); tunicamycins (81); capuramycins (82); napsamycins (83); liposidomycins (84); muraymycins (85) | Peptidyl nucleoside | MraY |
| d-Cycloserine (89) | Analogue of d-Ala | Alr and DdlA |
| Phosphonomycin (90) | Phosphonic acid | MurA |
| Bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria | ||
| Nisin (103); gallidermin (104); epidermin (105); subtilin (106); mutacin B-Ny266 (107); mutacin III/1140 (108, 109); mutacin I (110); streptin (111); ericin A (112); ericin S (112); bovicin HC5 (113); microbisporicin (114); clausin (115); Bsa (116) | Type AI lantibiotic | Lipid II |
| Nukacin ISK-1 (117); lacticin 481 (118); mutacin II (119); variacin (120); salivaricin A2 (121); salivaricin B (121); bovicin HJ50 (122); nukacin IVK45 (123) | Type AII lantibiotic | Lipid II |
| Mersacidin (132); plantaricin C (133); actagardine (134); Ala(0)-actagardine (135) | Type B lantibiotic | Lipid II |
| Lacticin 3147 (137); lichenicidin VK21 (138); Sh-lantibiotic-α/β (139); staphylococcin C55 (140); plantaricin W (141); haloduracin (142) | Type C lantibiotic | Lipid II |
| Lactococcin 972 (143) | Class II | Lipid II |
| Enterolysin A (151) | Class III | Amidase (l-Ala¹ and d-iGlu²;| l-Lys3 and d-Asp interpeptide bridge) |
| BacL1 (153) | Class III | Amidase (d-iGln² and l-Lys3) |
| Lysostaphin (145) | Class III | Amidase (Gly3 and Gly4 interpeptide bridge) |
| Millericin B (150) | Class III | Amidase (l-Ala1 and d-iGlu2; l-Thr and l-Ala interpeptide bridge) |
| Zoocin A (148) | Class III | Amidase (d-Ala4 and l-Ala1 interpeptide bridge) |
| Bacteriocins from Gram-negative bacteria | ||
| Colicin M (156); PaeM (42); PsyM (42); PflM (42) | Lipid II | |
| Pesticin (160) | Muramidase | |
| Contact-dependent effectors | ||
| Tae1 (165, 170); Tae4 (170); TseH (171); Ssp1 (173); Ssp2 (173) | T6SS | Amidase (d-iGlu2 and mDAP3) |
| Tae2 (170); Tae3 (170) | T6SS | Amidase (mDAP3 and d-Ala4| within cross-link) |
| VT1 (168); AmpDh3 (175) | T6SS | Amidase (MurNAc and l-Ala¹) |
| Tge1 (165); Tge3 (167); VT5 (168); VgrG3 (169) | T6SS | Muramidase |
| Tge2 (167) | T6SS | Glucosaminidase |
| Tlde1 (176) | T6SS | l,d-Carboxypeptidase and l,d-transpeptidase |
| X-TfeXAC2609 (5) | T4SS | Muramidase |
| TelC (164) | T7SS | Lipid II |
a
MurNAc, N-acetylmuramic acid; d-iGlu, d-isoglutamic acid; mDAP, meso-diaminopimelic acid; d-Ala, d-alanine; l-Ala, l-alanine; d-Asp, d-aspartic acid; l-Thr, l-threonine.