Table 1.
Weighted percentage distribution of infant survival status by socio-demographic and health services utilisation characteristics
| Characteristics | n (%) | Death (%) | p-value# | Characteristics | n (%) | Death (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household | Health service | ||||||
| Region | < 0.001* | Contraceptive use | < 0.001* | ||||
| Northcentral | 3791 (13.8) | 3.8 | Using | 3520 (17.2) | 1.9 | ||
| Northeast | 4430 (17.7) | 4.5 | Not using | 17,830 (82.8) | 4.6 | ||
| Northwest | 6198 (35.0) | 4.7 | Decision involvement+ | 0.064 | |||
| Southeast | 2301 (9.7) | 3.4 | None | 8032 (39.3) | 4.3 | ||
| Southsouth | 2137 (9.2) | 3.3 | Low | 10,050 (50.1) | 3.9 | ||
| Southwest | 2493 (14.6) | 3.4 | High | 1913 (10.6) | 3.6 | ||
| Residence | 0.191 | ANC visit+ | < 0.001* | ||||
| Urban | 7543 (39.7) | 4.0 | None | 5279 (24.9) | 5.0 | ||
| Rural | 13,807 (60.3) | 4.1 | 1–3 | 3710 (17.4) | 4.2 | ||
| Religion | < 0.001* | ≥4 | 12,039 (57.7) | 3.6 | |||
| Christianity | 8721 (38.0) | 3.4 | Tetanus injection+ | < 0.001* | |||
| Islam | 12,456 (61.5) | 4.5 | Received | 14,768 (69.9) | 3.6 | ||
| Others | 173 (0.5) | 3.0 | Not received | 6478 (30.1) | 5.4 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.009* | Breastfeeding initiation+ | 0.001* | ||||
| Hausa/Fulani | 9079 (46.6) | 4.7 | Not delayed | 17,795 (85.1) | 2.6 | ||
| Igbo | 2761 (12.5) | 3.5 | Delayed | 2969 (15.0) | 3.6 | ||
| Yoruba | 2285 (12.5) | 3.3 | Health fac. perception | 0.337 | |||
| Other | 7225 (28.4) | 3.7 | Not-problem | 9559 (46.6) | 3.9 | ||
| Wealth status | < 0.001* | Problem | 11,791 (53.4) | 4.3 | |||
| Poorest | 4947 (21.6) | 4.4 | Place delivery | 0.042* | |||
| Poorer | 4816 (22.2) | 4.9 | Hospital | 9097 (42.7) | 3.9 | ||
| Middle | 4477 (20.2) | 4.0 | Home | 12,253 (57.4) | 4.3 | ||
| Richer | 3939 (18.7) | 3.8 | Prenatal attendant | < 0.001* | |||
| Richest | 3171 (17.2) | 3.2 | None | 5279 (24.5) | 5.0 | ||
| Drinking water source | 0.018* | Unskilled | 448 (2.5) | 6.5 | |||
| Improved | 12,273 (59.1) | 3.8 | Semi-skilled | 2252 (9.4) | 4.0 | ||
| Not improved | 9077 (41.0) | 4.5 | Skilled | 13,371 (63.7) | 3.7 | ||
| Type of toilet facility | 0.596 | Type of delivery+ | 0.005* | ||||
| Improved | 10,424 (51.2) | 4.0 | Normal | 20,650 (96.9) | 4.0 | ||
| Not improved | 10,926 (48.8) | 4.2 | Caesarean | 610 (3.1) | 6.1 | ||
| Cooking fuel+ | 0.205 | Delivery attendant | 0.038* | ||||
| Improved | 1742 (10.2) | 4.0 | None | 2223 (10.8) | 3.6 | ||
| Not improved | 19,310 (89.8) | 4.1 | Unskilled | 8995 (41.6) | 4.4 | ||
| Child/maternal | Semi-skilled | 1346 (6.1) | 4.8 | ||||
| Sex | 0.003* | Skilled | 8786 (41.6) | 3.8 | |||
| Male | 10,919 (51.2) | 4.5 | |||||
| Female | 10,431 (48.8) | 3.7 | |||||
| Birth size+ | < 0.001* | ||||||
| Small | 2818 (13.5) | 5.5 | |||||
| Average | 10,923 (51.9) | 3.8 | |||||
| Large | 7284 (34.5) | 3.7 | |||||
| Highest education | < 0.001* | ||||||
| No education | 9356 (44.5) | 4.7 | |||||
| Primary | 3342 (15.1) | 4.5 | |||||
| Secondary/tertiary | 8652 (40.4) | 3.3 | |||||
| Employment | 0.122 | ||||||
| Working | 14,488 (68.3) | 4.1 | |||||
| Not working | 6862 (31.7) | 4.2 | |||||
| Marital status | 0.441 | ||||||
| Not married/ in-union | 600 (2.4) | 5.0 | |||||
| Married or in-union | 20,750 (97.6) | 4.1 | |||||
| Desire for last child | 0.165 | ||||||
| Then | 18,670 (87.9) | 4.2 | |||||
| Later | 1936 (8.8) | 3.3 | |||||
| No more | 744 (3.3) | 4.6 | |||||
| Total | 21,350 | 4.1 | Total | 21,350 | 4.1 |
*significance at 5%; #based on log-rank test; +missing value not reported