Table 5.
Soluble PRR, renin, and prorenin in plasma and urine distributed by type of anti-hypertensive treatment
| Control | Type 2 diabetes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No meds | ARBs | ACEi | ARB/ACEi | β-blockers | Calcium blockers | Diuretics | ||
| Total participants, n | 167 | 25 | 13 | 30 | 4 | 19 | 1 | 4 |
| Plasma | ||||||||
| sPRR (ng/mL) | 16.6 ± 4.1 | 17.3 ± 6.4 | 21.8 ± 9.8* | 18.1 ± 4.3 | 23.3 ± 7.0 | 20.0 ± 8.6 | 11.9 | 22.7 ± 4.1 |
| Renin activity (ng Ang-I/mL/h) | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 13.2 ± 2.0* | 17.1 ± 1.7* | 11.8 ± 1.7* | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 10.0 ± 1.7* | 21.12 | 7.5 ± 5.5 |
| Urine | ||||||||
| sPRR/uCr (ng/mg) | 16 ± 1.6 | 0.95 ± 0.8 | 0.90 ± 0.8 | 0.81 ± 0.9 | 0.40 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 115 | 0.91 ± 0.5 |
| Renin activity (ng Ang-I/mL/h) | 26.9 ± 36 | 102.1 ± 102* | 51.46 ± 44* | 96.89 ± 105* | 221.1 ± 182* | 102.2 ± 73* | 273.8 | 50.12 ± 23* |
| Prorenin/uCr (ng/g) | 142.1 ± 159 | 270.7 ± 326 | 346.5 ± 281.8 | 275.5 ± 236.1 | 113.0 ± 12.87 | 357 ± 336* | 1075 | 202 ± 148 |
| Men, n | 69 | 10 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
| Plasma | ||||||||
| sPRR (ng/mL) | 18 ± 4.7 | 16.3 ± 5.0 | 17.4 ± 4.8 | 18.2 ± 4.7 | 25.4 ± 7.0 | 17.0 ± 6.2 | – | – |
| Renin activity (ng Ang-I/mL/h) | 3.2 ± 3.6 | 13.2 ± 12* | 4.2 (n = 1) | 9.3 ± 7.1† | 4.9 ± 2.8 | 6.5 ± 3.3 | – | – |
| Urine | ||||||||
| sPRR/uCr (ng/mg) | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.78 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.65 ± 0.5 | 0.36 ± 0.25 | 0.65 ± 0.5 | – | – |
| Renin activity (ng Ang-I/mL/h) | 15 ± 17.6 | 131.5 ± 1.4* | 28.41 (n = 1) | 108 ± 107* | 308 ± 142*† | 105.8 ± 52* | – | – |
| Prorenin/uCr (ng/g) | 120 ± 97.2 | 380 ± 0.4 | 953.5 (n = 1) | 215 ± 156 | 113 ± 12.9‡ | 520.2 ± 388* | – | – |
| Women, n | 99 | 15 | 8 | 18 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 4 |
| Plasma | ||||||||
| sPRR (ng/mL) | 15.5 ± 3.3 | 17.8 ± 7.3 | 24.5 ± 11.3*† | 18.1 ± 4.2 | 17.2 | 23.8 ± 10*† | 12 | 22.7 ± 4.2 |
| Renin activity (ng Ang-I/mL/h) | 2.8 ± 2.4 | 13.2 ± 8.0* | 18.8 ± 1.9* | 13.3 ± 8.4* | 6.4 | 11.1 ± 6.4* | 21.12 | 7.5 ± 9.7‡ |
| Urine | ||||||||
| sPRR/uCr (ng/mg) | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.49 ± 0.1 | 0.53 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.11 | 0.780 ± 0.61 |
| Renin activity (ng Ang-I/mL/h) | 19.5 ± 22 | 84 ± 68* | 54 ± 45 | 67.6 ± 50* | 46 | 97.6 ± 98* | 273 | 50.1 ± 23 |
| Prorenin/uCr (ng/g) | 99.4 ± 84.7 | 207 ± 198 | 260 ± 150 | 312.3 ± 271* | – | 193.4 ± 180 | 1075 | 202 ± 147 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. sPRR soluble prorenin receptor, uCr urine creatinine. *Different from controls; Different from patient with type 2 diabetes: †no medication, ‡ACEi, ‡ABRs