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. 2021 Mar 26;23(3):e25786. doi: 10.2196/25786

Table 6.

Clinically significant changes in outcome measures at postintervention (n=22) and 1-month follow-up (n=21) evaluations.

Outcome measure Postintervention (n=22) One-month follow-up (n=21)
Gambling symptom severity (G-SASa), n (%)

Recoveredb 6 (27) 6 (28)

Improved 2 (9) 4 (19)

Unchanged 13 (59) 11 (52)

Deteriorated 1 (4) 0 (0)
Gambling cravings (G-SAS Urge Subscale), n (%)

Recovered 6 (27) 7 (33)

Improved 0 (0) 0 (0)

Unchanged 14 (63) 14 (66)

Deteriorated 2 (9) 0 (0)
Total gambling frequencyc (days), n (%)

Recovered 2 (9) 2 (10)

Improved 0 (0) 0 (0)

Unchanged 20 (90) 18 (90)

Deteriorated 0 (0) 0 (0)
Total gambling expenditure (Aus $), n (%)

Recovered 3 (13) 4 (19)

Improved 0 (0) 0 (0)

Unchanged 19 (86) 17 (80)

Deteriorated 0 (0) 0 (0)
Craving self-efficacy (11-point VASd), n (%)

Recovered 0 (0) 0 (0)

Improved 4 (18) 3 (14)

Unchanged 18 (81) 17 (80)

Deteriorated 0 (0) 1 (4)
Gambling self-efficacy (11-point VAS), n (%)

Recovered 0 (0) 0 (0)

Improved 4 (18) 3 (14)

Unchanged 18 (81) 18 (85)

Deteriorated 0 (0) 0 (0)

aG-SAS: Gambling-Symptom Assessment Scale.

bRecovered: the final score indicated a reliable change and was in the functional range, indicated by a score of 20 or less on the Gambling-Symptom Assessment Scale or at least a 25% reduction in scores for gambling cravings, total gambling frequency, and total gambling expenditure, and at least a 25% increase in scores for craving self-efficacy and gambling self-efficacy, in postintervention and follow-up evaluations.

cn=20 at 1-month follow-up, as 1 participant did not report gambling frequency.

dVAS: Visual Analogue Scale.