Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients with DM
| Parameters | Patients with DM (N = 1419) |
|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 53.61 (±12.61) |
| Sex [M]c | 633 (44.6%) |
| Type 2 DM c | 1236 (87.1%) |
| Duration of DM (years) b | 10.00 (8.00–14.00) |
| Alcohol consumptionc | 396 (27.9%) |
| Smokingc | 558 (39.3%) |
| Cardiovascular diseasec | 420 (29.6%) |
| Chronic kidney diseasec | 342 (24.1%) |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 28.00 (24.00–31.00) |
| Waist circumference (cm)b | 100.00 (85.00–108.00) |
| Lipid profile | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL)b | 185.00 (159.00–220.00) |
| HDLc (mg/dL)b | 46.00 (36.00–57.00) |
| LDLc (mg/dL)b | 108.00 (83.20–140.60) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | 112.00 (87.00–160.00) |
| Glucose control | |
| Fasting glycemia (mg/dL)b | 153.00 (117.00–221.00) |
| Postprandial glycemia (mg/dL)b | 200.00 (130.00–233.00) |
| HbA1c (%)b | 9.00 (8.40–10.00) |
| Complications of DM | |
| Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathyc | 750 (52.9%) |
| Diabetic arteriopathyc | 120 (8.4%) |
| Diabetic retinopathyc | 294 (20.7%) |
| Pancreatitisc | 96 (6.8%) |
| Cholelithiasisc | 192 (13.5%) |
| Neurological | |
| MMSE scoreb | 24.00 (19.00–30.00) |
| Previous strokec | 57 (4%) |
| Dementiac | 87 (6.1%) |
Notes: aContinuous variables (with Gaussian distribution) are indicated by their mean (standard deviation); bcontinuous variables (with non-Gaussian distribution) are indicated by their median (interquartile range); ccategorical variables are presented by absolute frequency (percentage) in the sample.
Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.