Table 1.

AIH therapy approaches with a focus on regulatory T cells.

Type of therapy	Clinical/preclinical model	Outcomes
Corticosteroids	Immunosuppressive treatment with steroid and azathioprine diminishes intrahepatic Treg cells (66)	Life-long, does not restore liver homeostasis (25, 63)
Adoptive transfer(PolyTregs)	Xenoimmunized Type II AIH murine model (44)	Reduces the numbers of circulating autoreactive T cells and is sufficient to prevent AIH development in mice (44)
Adoptive transfer (arTregs)	Concanavalin-A-induced AIH murine model (60)	Selectively stimulates arTregs following adoptive transfer to alleviate injury and control AIH (60)
IL-2 Therapy	Murine AIH model (59) AIH patients clinical trials (57, 58)	In low dose IL-2-treated patients with refractory AIH, increases in Treg populations persisted until 28 days after treatment (57)
Retinoic acid and rapamycin agents	AIH patients clinical trial (63)	Enhances Treg function and reduces expression of Teff transcription factors (62, 63)
Enclysis Inhibitor	Enclysis inhibitors could be tested alone or in combination with existing Treg treatments	Enclysis inhibitors could potentiate Treg immunotherapy for AIH

PolyTreg, Polyclonally-expanded regulatory T cells; arTreg, Alloantigen-reactive regulatory T cells.