Table 10.
Physicochemical characteristics of inorganic NPs.
| Silica-based NPs | REF | Functional group | Diameter (nm) | ζ - potential (mV) | Tested uropathogens | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles | (Evliyaoǧlu et al., 2011) | – | 200 | – | E. coli, Staphylococcus species, P. mirabilis and E. cloacae | Antibiofilm |
| Sulfur nanoparticles/Catharanthus roseus leaf extract | (Paralikar et al., 2019) | – | 53 | -9.24 | E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis and S. aureus | Antibacterial |
| Tungsten nanoparticles | (Syed et al., 2010) | – | 8.1 | – | E. coli | Antibiofilm |
| E. coli and S. aureus | Antibacterial | |||||
| Neodymium doped nickel oxide nanoparticles | (Rahman et al., 2018) | Hydroxyl | 28 | – | P. mirabilis | Antibacterial |