Table 2.
Urinalysis and urine electrolytes in the studied groups
| No AKI (n = 158) | CA-AKI (n = 118) | HA-AKI (n = 87) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urinalysis | ||||
| Specific gravity | 1.020 (1.015–1.027) | 1.018 (1.015–1.024) | 1.018 (1.014–1.025) | 0.380 |
| Proteinuria (dipstick) | ||||
| Negative | 44 (28) | 24 (21) | 32 (36) | |
| 1+ | 58 (37) | 45 (39) | 26 (29) | 0.232 |
| 2+ | 47 (30) | 40 (35) | 29 (32) | |
| 3+ | 9 (6) | 6 (5) | 3 (3) | |
| Hematuria (dipstick) | ||||
| Negative | 102 (65) | 53 (46) | 36 (40) | |
| 1+ | 35 (22) | 28 (24) | 19 (21) | <0.001 |
| 2+ | 12 (8) | 23 (20) | 20 (22) | |
| 3+ | 9 (6) | 11 (10) | 13 (14) | |
| Leukocyturia, n (%) | 48 (30) | 52 (45) | 57 (63) | <0.001 |
| Hematuria (sediment), n (%) | 33 (21) | 32 (28) | 52 (58) | <0.001 |
| Urine electrolytes | ||||
| Urine sodium, mmol/L | 28 (15–46) | 27 (16–43) | 22 (12–44) | 0.532 |
| UNa <20 mmol/L, n (%) | 24 (37) | 34 (43) | 36 (32) | |
| UNa 20–40 mmol/L, n (%) | 20 (31) | 21 (27) | 82 (32) | 0.555 |
| UNa >40 mmol/L, n (%) | 21 (32) | 24 (30) | 61 (32) | |
| FE sodium, % | 0.17 (0.08–0.45) | 0.30 (0.12–0.62) | 0.22 (0.14–0.62) | 0.046 |
| FENa <0.5%, n (%) | 45 (78) | 53 (71) | 75 (71) | |
| FENa 0.5–1.0%, n (%) | 9 (16) | 13 (17) | 10 (9) | 0.021 |
| FENa 1.0–2.0%, n (%) | 4 (7) | 2 (3) | 14 (13) | |
| FENa >2%, n (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (9) | 7 (7) |
CA-AKI, community-acquired acute kidney injury; HA-AKI, hospital-acquired acute kidney injury; FE, fractional excretion.