Table 6.
Comparison of Clinical Findings in PA Patients aged <40, 40–49, and ≥50 Years with Marked PA (e.g., Hypokalemia and PAC >15.9 ng/dL) and Unilateral Adrenal Lesion on CT (n=198)
| Variable | Age, yr (<35, 35–39, 40–49, ≥50) | Age, yr (<50, ≥50) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| <35 (n=13) | 35–39 (n=20) | 40–49 (n=66) | ≥50 (n=99) | P value | <50 (n=99) | ≥50 (n=99) | P value | |
| Age, yr | 33.0 (31.0–33.0) | 38.0a (36.5–39.0) | 45.0 (43.0–47.0) | 58.0b (53.0–63.0) | <0.001 | 43.0 (38.0–46.0) | 58.0 (53.0–63.0) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| Female sex | 10 (76.9) | 8 (40.0) | 33 (50.0) | 52 (52.5) | 0.212 | 51 (51.5) | 52 (52.5) | >0.999 |
|
| ||||||||
| Height, cm | 166.7 (163.0–169.0) | 168.1 (164.0–172.9) | 165.2 (159.6–172.0) | 161.0 (154.3–165.5) | <0.001 | 166.7 (161.0–171.1) | 161.0 (154.3–165.5) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| Weight, kg | 58.0 (53.4–65.4) | 68.5a (58.5–77.3) | 66.2 (57.6–74.8) | 65.3 (56.3–73.1) | 0.152 | 66.0 (57.5–74.8) | 65.3 (56.3–73.1) | 0.294 |
|
| ||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.2 (19.7–25.9) | 23.6 (22.3–27.5) | 24.5 (21.9–25.8) | 24.5 (22.7–26.8) | 0.129 | 24.0 (21.7–26.1) | 24.5 (22.7–26.8) | 0.191 |
|
| ||||||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 142.0 (123.0–146.0) | 150.0 (131.0–162.5) | 146.0 (139.0–160.0) | 140.0 (130.5–155.0) | 0.055 | 145.0 (137.5–160.0) | 140.0 (130.5–155.0) | 0.033 |
|
| ||||||||
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 93.0 (84.0–108.0) | 98.0 (82.5–109.5) | 95.5 (90.0–101.0) | 89.0 (80.0–95.0) | <0.001 | 95.0 (89.0–104.5) | 89.0 (80.0–95.0) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| Anti-hypertensive drugs, DDD | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.2–3.1) | 2.3 (1.0–3.5) | 3.0 (1.7–4.0) | 0.043 | 2.0 (1.0–3.3) | 3.0 (1.7–4.0) | 0.009 |
|
| ||||||||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 94.4 (90.1–103.2) | 93.0 (76.5–116.0) | 91.4 (77.5–110.2) | 81.5 (66.1–95.4) | 0.005 | 92.4 (77.7–111.2) | 81.5 (66.1–95.4) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| Serum potassium, mEq/L | 2.8 (2.6–3.0) | 3.1a (2.8–3.3) | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) | 3.0 (2.7–3.2) | 0.074 | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) | 3.0 (2.7–3.2) | 0.465 |
|
| ||||||||
| PAC, ng/dL | 51.2 (40.5–76.4) | 48.1 (23.6–58.5) | 46.8 (31.4–69.9) | 37.5 (28.1–48.8) | 0.009 | 48.5 (30.5–68.0) | 37.5 (28.1–48.8) | 0.003 |
|
| ||||||||
| PRA, ng/mL/hr | 0.3 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.305 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.153 |
|
| ||||||||
| ARR, ng/dL per ng/mL/hr | 238.8 (135.0–447.5) | 272.5 (99.2–576.0) | 268.5 (129.2–519.0) | 236.0 (141.3–395.5) | 0.736 | 267.0 (126.7–515.5) | 236.0 (141.3–395.5) | 0.261 |
|
| ||||||||
| Nodule size on CT, cm | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.5b (1.1–1.8) | 0..001 | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–1.8) | 0.001 |
Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%).
PA, primary aldosteronism; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; CT, computed tomography; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DDD, defined daily dose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PRA, plasma renin activity; ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio.
P<0.05, PA patients between ages <35 and 35–39 years with marked PA (e.g., hypokalemia and PAC >15.9 ng/dL) and unilateral adrenal lesion on CT;
P<0.05, PA patients between ages <40 and 40–49 years with marked PA (e.g., hypokalemia and PAC >15.9 ng/dL) and unilateral adrenal lesion on CT.