FIG 3.
Plant defense response in soybean. Plants inoculated with B. diazoefficiens USDA 110 (wild type) or its rsh mutant derivative were cultivated for 12 or 48 h postinoculation (hpi). As controls, a group of plants were kept uninoculated. The significance of the differences between wild-type and rsh mutant strains was evaluated by ANOVA and is indicated as follows: NS, nonsignificant (P > 0.05); **, significant (P < 0.01). Data were collected from three independent experiments, each with at least four different plants for each condition. Black bars show relative expression of the plant defense marker GmPR1 in the rsh mutant with respect to the wild type (fold change). GmEF1 was used as an internal constitutive control. Gray bars show cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (Cyt-ROS) measured in the root hair tips of soybean plants with a H2DCF-DA probe.