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. 2021 Apr 19;12:635510. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.635510

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Copyright © 2021 Balkrishna, Khandrika and Varshney.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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4-days time point to determine changes in morphology, cytology, and immune cell infiltration in the swim bladder. (A) Morphological changes in swim bladder with SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein induction, and treatment with Dexamethasone and Giloy Ghanvati (GG) at different concentrations (6, 28, and 142 μg/kg/day) at the 4-days time point. Images depict lateral view with the anterior lobe (AL) and posterior lobe (PL) marked. Images were taken at ×1 magnification. (B). Hematoxylin-Eosin stained cytology smears of whole swim bladder. Images were captured at ×20 objective magnification. Normal cell nuclei depicted by black arrowheads; E- Epithelial cells, and S- Smooth muscle cells. Green arrowheads show granulocytes and the yellow arrowheads show lymphocytes. (C) Quantitative estimation of immune cell infiltrates in the swim bladder. Data points are depicted as mean ± S.D. analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. n = 24, (####) p < 0.0001 compared to normal control, (****) p < 0.0001 compared to disease control.