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. 2021 Apr 19;12:635510. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.635510

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Copyright © 2021 Balkrishna, Khandrika and Varshney.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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7-days time point showing changes to kidney morphology, cytology, and quantitative analysis of damage. (A) Structural examination of the kidney at 1X using transmitted light. Granular appearance shows the presence of melanocytes. (B) Cytological examination of hematoxylin-eosin stained smears of kidney tissue imaged at ×20 objective magnification. Black arrowheads depict nuclei of normal cells, yellow show degenerative cells while red show necrotic cells. (C) Quantitation of kidney damage as assessed by the presence of degenerative and necrotic cells in cytological smears. Data points represent mean ± S.D. analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (****) p < 0.0001 compared to disease control, n = 24.