Table 3.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality in men with baseline serum urate measurement in NHANES III (1988-1994) and 1999-2008 (n=19,954).
| Serum urate range (mg/dL) |
< 4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | 6-7 | 7-8 | > 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | Deaths (n) | 325 | 934 | 1513 | 1412 | 872 | 658 |
| Mortality rate/1000 PY | 2.75 (2.46, 306) | 1.83 (1.71, 1.95) | 1.48 (1.41, 1.56) | 1.53 (1.45, 1.61) | 1.84 (1.72, 1.97) | 2.75 (2.55, 2.97) | |
| Age-race adjusted HR1 | 1.33 (1.18, 1.50) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) | 1.56 (1.43, 1.72) | |
| Multivariable HR2 | 1.28 (1.13, 1.45) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.25) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 1.14 (1.05, 1.25) | 1.59 (1.44, 1.75) | |
| Extended multivariable HR3 | 1.33 (1.17, 1.51) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | 1.13 (1.04, 1.24) | 1.52 (1.37, 1.69) | |
| Cardiovascular mortality | Deaths (N) | 75 | 257 | 408 | 377 | 270 | 194 |
| Mortality rate/1000 PY | 0.63 (0.50, 0.80) | 0.50 (0.44, 0.57) | 0.40 (0.36, 0.44) | 0.41 (0.37, 0.45) | 0.57 (0.51, 0.64) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) | |
| Age-race adjusted HR1 | 0.97 (0.76, 1.24) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.13) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.44) | 1.44 (1.21, 1.72) | |
| Multivariable HR2 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.27) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.11) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.42) | 1.39 (1.16, 1.67) | |
| Extended multivariable HR3 | 0.97 (0.75, 1.27) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.34) | 1.22 (1.00, 1.49) | |
| Malignancy-related mortality | Deaths (N) | 71 | 219 | 355 | 316 | 182 | 112 |
| Mortality rate/1000 PY | 0.60 (0.47, 0.76) | 0.43 (0.37, 0.49) | 0.35 (0.31, 0.39) | 0.34 (0.30, 0.38) | 0.39 (0.33, 0.45) | 0.47 (0.39, 0.56) | |
| Age-race adjusted HR1 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.44) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.09) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.06) | |
| Multivariable HR2 | 1.05 (0.81, 1.37) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.26) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.09) | |
| Extended multivariable HR3 | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.87, 1.21) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.26) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.15) | |
| Chronic lower respiratory disease mortality | Deaths (N) | 14 | 49 | 70 | 63 | 27 | 34 |
| Mortality rate/1000 PY | 0.12 (0.06, 0.20) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.13) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.09) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.09) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.20) | |
| Age-race adjusted HR1 | 1.09 (0.61, 1.94) | 1.24 (0.86, 1.79) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.68, 1.35) | 0.69 (0.45, 1.08) | 1.42 (0.94, 2.14) | |
| Multivariable HR2 | 0.97 (0.54, 1.73) | 1.12 (0.77, 1.62) | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.74, 1.50) | 0.81 (0.52, 1.28) | 1.70 (1.10, 2.61) | |
| Extended multivariable HR3 | 0.92 (0.51, 1.68) | 0.96 (0.64, 1.43) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.69, 1.47) | 0.86 (0.53, 1.38) | 1.91 (1.18, 3.10) | |
| Alzheimer’s disease mortality | Deaths (N) | <10 | 23 | 36 | 35 | 15 | <10 |
| Mortality rate/1000 PY | 0.07 (0.03, 0.13) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.04) | |
| Age-race adjusted HR1 | 1.07 (0.49, 2.33) | 1.11 (0.66, 1.87) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.65, 1.65) | 0.73 (0.40, 1.33) | 0.31 (0.11, 0.87) | |
| Multivariable HR2 | 1.05 (0.48, 2.30) | 1.05 (0.61, 1.82) | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.68, 1.78) | 0.83 (0.45, 1.53) | 0.29 (0.09, 0.93) | |
| Extended multivariable HR3 | 1.13 (0.50, 2.55) | 0.88 (0.48, 1.61) | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.69, 1.91) | 0.87 (0.45, 1.69) | 0.23 (0.05, 0.99) | |
| Diabetes mellitus mortality | Deaths (N) | 18 | 38 | 37 | 29 | 19 | 22 |
| Mortality rate/1000 PY | 0.15 (0.09, 0.24) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.10) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.14) | |
| Age-race adjusted HR1 | 2.62 (1.47, 4.66) | 1.78 (1.13, 2.80) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.52, 1.37) | 0.98 (0.56, 1.71) | 1.78 (1.04, 3.03) | |
| Multivariable HR2 | 2.89 (1.59, 5.23) | 1.80 (1.12, 2.91) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.46) | 1.01 (0.57, 1.78) | 1.77 (1.01, 3.10) | |
| Extended multivariable HR3 | 3.39 (1.89, 6.09) | 1.81 (1.10, 3.00) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.51, 1.44) | 0.93 (0.51, 1.69) | 1.60 (0.87, 2.95) |
All values are rate or risk (95% CI). Cox proportional hazards models using age as a time scale were used to estimate HR and CI. PY = person years. HR = hazard ratio. CI = 95% confidence interval. Counts below 10 recorded as “<10” per NHANES analysis guidelines. Numbers in bold indicate statistical significance.
Age-race adjusted model was adjusted for age (time scale), race, NHANES cycle, and competing risk (for cause-specific mortality).
Multivariable adjusted model was further adjusted for body mass index (BMI), education (some high school or lower, high school, college, graduate school or higher), smoking (former, current, never), alcohol consumption (drinks/month), and total cholesterol.
Extended multivariable model was further adjusted for hypertension (yes/no) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR).