Table 1.

Key definitions related to the novelty response.

Name	Definition
Novelty	An entity/stimulus or environment that an individual has not previously experienced in its lifetime.
Habituation	A form of associative learning in which a decrease in innate responses is elicited by repeated exposures to a stimulus or context.
Familiarity	A judgment or feeling of prior experience regardless of memory recollection.
Salience	The quality of a stimulus/context of being more prominent or noticeable as compared to the surroundings regardless of valence. *Novelty is a dimension of salience which drives an attentional bias and behavioral orienting.
Valence	An affective quality ascribed to the intrinsic attractiveness (positive valence) or aversiveness (negative valence) of a specific stimulus/context. *A novel stimulus may have an intrinsic positive valence, thus inducing an approach behavior, or a negative valence that promotes avoidance behavior.
Attention	The behavioral and cognitive process of selectively focusing on a specific aspect of information. *Novelty increases attention to elicit an appropriate behavioral response.
Orienting response	An individual’s immediate motor, behavioral and/or physiological response to novel stimuli or environmental changes. *Novelty triggers an orienting response by increasing attention and driving approach/avoidance behaviors.