Table 6.

Risk ratios for conduct problems by ethnic group accounting for putative risk factors

	Base model: age, gender, free school meals	Model 1: base model + racial discrimination	Model 2: model 1+ friends who get into trouble	Model 3: model 2 + high control	Model 4: model 3 + low perceived parental care
	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)
Conduct problems
Black African	1.00 (0.84–1.17)	0.98 (0.83–1.15)	0.96 (0.81–1.13)	0.95 (0.80–1.12)	0.93 (0.78–1.10)
Black Caribbean	1.37 (1.12–1.64)	1.35 (1.11–1.63)	1.28 (1.04–1.55)	1.25 (1.02–1.52)	1.27 (1.03–1.54)
Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi	0.49 (0.25–0.85)	0.45 (0.22–0.80)	0.49 (0.26–0.86)	0.50 (0.26–0.86)	0.50 (0.26–0.86)
Latin American	1.07 (0.70–1.56)	1.03 (0.67–1.53)	1.04 (0.68–1.54)	1.00 (0.64–1.49)	0.96 (0.61–1.44)
Mixed white and black	1.25 (0.95–1.60)	1.24 (0.95–1.59)	1.21 (0.92–1.56)	1.23 (0.94–1.58)	1.23 (0.94–1.58)
Other black	1.33 (0.84–1.99)	1.34 (0.85–2.01)	1.36 (0.86–2.03)	1.36 (0.86–2.03)	1.42 (0.91–2.11)
Other mixed/multiple	1.01 (0.70–1.41)	0.96 (0.65–1.35)	0.97 (0.66–1.36)	0.97 (0.66–1.36)	0.94 (0.64–1.33)
Other white	0.86 (0.62–1.16)	0.91 (0.66–1.22)	0.92 (0.67–1.23)	0.94 (0.68–1.25)	0.98 (0.72–1.30)
Other/unknown	1.09 (0.79–1.46)	1.05 (0.75–1.42)	1.08 (0.78–1.46)	1.06 (0.76–1.43)	1.06 (0.76–1.43)
White British	0.65 (0.50–0.82)	0.71 (0.56–0.90)	0.77 (0.61–0.96)	0.80 (0.64–1.00)	0.81 (0.64–1.01)
Fighting/Bullying
Black African	1.10 (0.99–1.21)	1.08 (0.97–1.20)	1.06 (0.95–1.18)	1.06 (0.95–1.18)	1.05 (0.94–1.17)
Black Caribbean	1.10 (0.95–1.26)	1.09 (0.94–1.25)	1.03 (0.88–1.19)	1.02 (0.88–1.18)	1.02 (0.88–1.18)
Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi	0.90 (0.67–1.19)	0.87 (0.64–1.16)	0.91 (0.68–1.21)	0.91 (0.68–1.21)	0.92 (0.68–1.21)
Latin American	1.33 (1.03–1.67)	1.31 (1.02–1.66)	1.30 (1.01–1.65)	1.29 (1.00–1.63)	1.27 (0.98–1.61)
Mixed white and black	1.00 (0.82–1.20)	0.99 (0.82–1.20)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)
Other black	1.29 (0.95–1.71)	1.30 (0.96–1.72)	1.31 (0.97–1.73)	1.31 (0.97–1.73)	1.34 (0.99–1.76)
Other mixed/multiple	1.03 (0.81–1.28)	0.98 (0.76–1.23)	0.98 (0.77–1.24)	0.98 (0.77–1.24)	0.98 (0.77–1.24)
Other white	0.91 (0.74–1.11)	0.95 (0.77–1.15)	0.97 (0.79–1.18)	0.98 (0.80–1.19)	0.99 (0.81–1.20)
Other/unknown	0.91 (0.72–1.13)	0.88 (0.69–1.10)	0.91 (0.72–1.13)	0.91 (0.72–1.13)	0.90 (0.71–1.12)
White British	0.71 (0.60–0.83)	0.76 (0.65–0.88)	0.82 (0.70–0.94)	0.83 (0.72–0.96)	0.83 (0.72–0.96)
Rule-breaking
Black African	0.98 (0.88–1.09)	0.97 (0.87–1.07)	0.95 (0.86–1.06)	0.95 (0.85–1.05)	0.94 (0.84–1.05)
Black Caribbean	1.16 (1.02–1.32)	1.16 (1.01–1.32)	1.10 (0.96–1.26)	1.09 (0.95–1.25)	1.10 (0.96–1.26)
Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi	0.62 (0.44–0.86)	0.59 (0.41–0.82)	0.63 (0.44–0.86)	0.63 (0.44–0.86)	0.64 (0.45–0.88)
Latin American	1.22 (0.96–1.54)	1.21 (0.95–1.53)	1.21 (0.95–1.53)	1.20 (0.93–1.51)	1.18 (0.92–1.49)
Mixed white and black	1.13 (0.94–1.33)	1.12 (0.94–1.33)	1.09 (0.91–1.29)	1.09 (0.91–1.29)	1.09 (0.91–1.29)
Other black	1.22 (0.91–1.61)	1.25 (0.93–1.64)	1.26 (0.94–1.65)	1.26 (0.94–1.65)	1.26 (0.94–1.65)
Other mixed/multiple	1.25 (1.02–1.52)	1.21 (0.98–1.47)	1.22 (0.99–1.49)	1.22 (0.99–1.49)	1.22 (0.99–1.49)
Other white	0.99 (0.82–1.19)	1.02 (0.84–1.22)	1.04 (0.86–1.24)	1.04 (0.86–1.24)	1.07 (0.89–1.27)
Other/unknown	0.88 (0.70–1.09)	0.86 (0.69–1.07)	0.90 (0.72–1.11)	0.89 (0.71–1.10)	0.88 (0.70–1.08)
White British	0.80 (0.69–0.91)	0.84 (0.73–0.96)	0.89 (0.78–1.02)	0.91 (0.79–1.03)	0.91 (0.79–1.04)

RR Risk ratio, 95%CI 95% Confidence Interval

Reference group is the overall prevalence in each model

For the purpose of comparison across models, all models include observations from 10 schools n = 3535