Fig. 2.

Dap treatment partly reversed renal fibrosis and inhibited SGLT2 and SGK1 expression in db/db mice. We did not observe any significant difference in renal fibrosis between the DM and Vog groups Mice were randomly allocated into the following groups: nondiabetic C57BLKS/J mice (n = 6); diabetic db/db mice treated with normal saline, Dap (1 mg·kg⁻¹), or voglibose (Vog; 0.6 mg·kg⁻¹) (n = 6 each group). Kidney tissue samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with PAS and Masson. For immunohistochemical analysis, the slides were stained with anti‐SGK1 or anti‐SGLT2 polyclonal antibodies, followed by HRP‐conjugated secondary antibody. (A) Representative images of PAS staining and (B) semi‐quantitative analysis; (C) representative images of Masson staining and (D) semi‐quantitative analysis; (E) representative images of immunohistochemical staining for renal SGLT2 and (F) semi‐quantitative analysis; (G) representative images of immunohistochemical staining for renal SGK1 and (H) semi‐quantitative analysis. Error bar = 50 μm. Quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD. One‐way ANOVA with SNK test or Dunnett's T3 test was used for statistical analysis. *, P < 0.05 compared with the NC group, **, P < 0.01 compared with the NC group, #, P < 0.05 compared with the DM group, and ##, P < 0.01 compared with the DM group.