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. 2021 May 3;15(10):2969–2985. doi: 10.1038/s41396-021-00980-4

Fig. 5. Effects of disinfectant pretreatments on the transformation of pWH1266 plasmid.

Fig. 5

pWH1266 plasmids pretreated by disinfectants for 5 min (a) and 15 min (b) caused the decrease in transformation frequency, respectively. c AFM images of naked plasmid pWH1266 DNA before and after 15 min of chloramine or free chlorine treatment. The genes blaTEM-1 and tetA degradation versus chloramine treating with 5 min (d) and 15 min (e) measured with qPCR amplicon. blaTEM-1 and tetA degradation versus free chlorine treating with 5 min (f) and 15 min (g) measured with qPCR amplicon. The error bars indicate one standard deviation from the mean (n ≥ 3). For a, b, significant differences between individual chloramine or free chlorine and the control were shown with *(padj < 0.05) and **(padj < 0.01).