Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with an SGLT2i stratified by changes in body weight (BW)
| No BW loss (n = 3,832) | BW loss 0.0–5.0% (n = 4,814) | BW loss 5.0% (n = 1,591) | P value (ANOVA) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Diabetes duration (year) | 8.1 ± 3.6 | 8.3 ± 3.6 | 8.1 ± 3.7 | 0.004 |
| Age (year) | 58.2 ± 11.6 | 58.4 ± 11.3 | 60.0 ± 11.8 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 1610 (42) | 2009 (42) | 725 (46) | 0.023 |
| Ischemic heart etiology | 313 (8) | 352 (7) | 150 (9) | 0.022 |
| Hypertension | 2564 (67) | 3231 (67) | 1048 (66) | 0.654 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2827 (74) | 3734 (78) | 1127 (71) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebral vascular accidents | 186 (5) | 174 (4) | 79 (5) | 0.006 |
| Congestive heart failure | 150 (4) | 108 (2) | 73 (5) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 85 (2) | 98 (2) | 39 (2) | 0.593 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1066 (28) | 1374 (29) | 401 (25) | 0.036 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 711 (19) | 793 (16) | 248 (16) | 0.008 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 32 (1) | 40 (1) | 17 (1) | 0.648 |
| Gout | 409 (11) | 489 (10) | 141 (9) | 0.132 |
| Malignancy | 319 (8) | 361 (7) | 127 (8) | 0.363 |
| Vital sign | ||||
| Height (cm) | 162.1 ± 12.1 | 162.3 ± 12.0 | 160.5 ± 14.2 | < 0.001 |
| Body weight (KG) | 73.3 ± 15.2 | 75.3 ± 15.0 | 73.5 ± 15.1 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 4.7 | 28.3 ± 4.7 | 28.1 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
| Body weight loss (KG) | 1.4 ± 2.6 | − 2.0 ± 1.0 | − 5.9 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 138.5 ± 20.2 | 139.1 ± 19.2 | 139.1 ± 19.6 | 0.324 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.0 ± 12.1 | 78.1 ± 11.3 | 77.7 ± 11.6 | 0.403 |
| HR (bpm) | 84.8 ± 13.5 | 84.6 ± 13.1 | 84.8 ± 13.4 | 0.696 |
| Baseline laboratory data | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 9.0 ± 1.8 | 8.7 ± 1.5 | 8.8 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/m2) | 93.8 ± 31.7 | 94.7 ± 28.3 | 94.0 ± 30.3 | 0.391 |
| ALT (U/L) | 34.5 ± 33.7 | 34.8 ± 26.8 | 34.8 ± 80.6 | 0.915 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 190.6 ± 247.9 | 178.5 ± 222.6 | 166.2 ± 142.4 | 0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 95.1 ± 32.2 | 92.5 ± 28.8 | 93.6 ± 29.3 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mg/d) | 43.6 ± 11.3 | 44.0 ± 11.0 | 44.7 ± 11.6 | 0.003 |
| Baseline medications | ||||
| Anti-platelet agent | 1192 (31) | 1541 (32) | 558 (35) | 0.017 |
| Statin | 2286 (60) | 3079 (64) | 960 (60) | < 0.001 |
| Non-dihydropyridine CCB | 210 (5) | 232 (4) | 94 (6) | 0.166 |
| Dihydropyridine CCB | 616 (16) | 760 (16) | 230 (14) | 0.318 |
| Beta-blocker | 1238 (32) | 1488 (32) | 510 (32) | 0.350 |
| ACEI or ARB or ARNI | 203 (60) | 2896 (62) | 909 (57) | 0.074 |
| MRA | 117 (3) | 99 (2) | 50 (3) | 0.005 |
| Loop diuretics | 275 (7) | 254 (5) | 132 (8) | < 0.001 |
| Thiazides | 22 (1) | 31 (1) | 12 (1) | 0.745 |
| Nitrate | 245 (6) | 247 (5) | 106 (7) | 0.014 |
| Digoxin | 41 (1) | 30 (1) | 8 (1) | 0.025 |
| Anti-diabetic agent | ||||
| SU | 2562 (67) | 3286 (68) | 1061 (67) | 0.292 |
| Metformin | 3419 (89) | 4440 (92) | 1424 (90) | < 0.001 |
| Glinide | 123 (3) | 155 (3) | 50 (3) | 0.988 |
| DPP4i | 1826 (48) | 2409 (50) | 758 (48) | 0.054 |
| Glitazone | 941 (25) | 1235 (26) | 399 (25) | 0.504 |
| Acarbose | 802 (21) | 976 (20) | 337 (21) | 0.647 |
| Insulin | 798 (21) | 721 (15) | 239 (15) | < 0.001 |
| GLP1 agonist | 30 (1) | 36 (1) | 14 (1) | 0.874 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; BMI: body mass index; BWG: body weight gain; BWL: body weight loss; CCB: calcium channel blocker; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DPP4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP1: glucagon-like peptide 1; HBA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HR: heart rate; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SGLT2i: sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor; SU: sulfonylurea