Anti-HTLV-1 Ab levels in serum and CSF from 47 HAM/TSP patients and 15 HCs by PA (A), CLIA (B), and CLEIA (C). Bars of each sample group represent means ± standard deviations. An asterisk over the bar indicates a P value of <0.01. Gray and white circles represent anti-HTLV-1 Ab levels in serum from HAM/TSP patients and HCs, respectively. Gray and white diamonds represent those in CSF from HAM/TSP patients and HCs, respectively. Black diamonds of CSF samples in CLIA or CLEIA represent the results (positive or negative) inconsistent with those of PA. n.s., not significant.