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. 2021 May 1;35(9-10):658–676. doi: 10.1101/gad.348315.121

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© 2021 Cossa et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 3. — PPPs act as obligate heteromers. In order to specifically catalyze a large number of reactions, the catalytic subunit of a PPP (“C”) must interact with one or more regulatory subunits. C subunits are encoded by paralogous genes and therefore are depicted as invariable (gray). PP1 C subunits can interact with a large range of PP1-interacting proteins (PIPs) in both heterodimeric and higher-order complexes. In canonical PP2A holoenzymes, C subunits always interact with one scaffold A subunit (encoded by two similar genes, also depicted as invariable; gray) and one B subunit (encoded by multiple genes). Non-PPPs generally act as monomers.