Table 3.

Key outstanding research questions for CRIC phase 4

Research Questions
Prevalence of gut microbiome dysbiosis in CKD and its contribution to CKD progression
Prognostic implications of nonlinear trajectories and short-term variations in kidney function and damage measured frequently using home-based monitoring of serum creatinine and urine albumin
Prognostic value of biometric monitoring (e.g., measurement of heart rate) in CKD to identify subgroups at highest cardiovascular risk
Significance of undiagnosed atrial fibrillation and other atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias detected using a 14-d continuous ECG monitoring
Burden of noncardiovascular morbidity in CKD (e.g., frailty, fractures, pulmonary disease, utilization of health care resources)
Usefulness of machine learning methods in electronic phenotyping and characterization of clinical states for the purposes of cohort identification, classification, and prediction

CRIC, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort; ECG, electrocardiogram.