Binding assays to determine relative affinity of MpPA14 for simple carbohydrates. (A) Dextran-based competition binding assay to determine relative affinity of MpPA14 for various hexoses and their derivatives. Each experiment was done in triplicate. (B) Dextran-based competition binding assay to determine relative affinity of MpPA14 for selected pentoses and myo-inositol. Isothermal titration calorimetry of MpPA14 binding to fucose (C), GlcNAc (D), and glucose (E), respectively. The binding stoichiometry (N value) is indicated on each graph. (F) Table of the calculated thermodynamic parameters, including the dissociation constant (Kd), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), for each of the three sugars.