. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 3.

Published in final edited form as: J Pharm Sci. 2009 Apr;98(4):1278–1316. doi: 10.1002/jps.21523

Table 1.

Vaccine Adjuvants Currently Used in Licensed Vaccines^71,259-261

Humans, US	Humans, United Kingdom, and European Union	Livestock, Worldwide (General Categories)^a
Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, potassium aluminum sulfate (alum)	Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, potassium aluminum sulfate (alum)	Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, potassium aluminum sulfate (alum)
	Calcium phosphate	Saponin (QS-21)
	MF-59 (Squalene, in Fluad)	Oil emulsions paraffin, mineral oil, lanolin, squalene, ISA-70, Montanide (IMS)
	AS04 (liposome formulation containing MPLA and QS-21) (FENDrix, Cervaix)	Glycerin

Many livestock adjuvant-vaccine formulations are proprietary and their compositions have not been disclosed.