Table 2.
Adjuvants Currently Being Tested in U.S. Human Clinical Trials*
| Adjuvant | Phase | Disease |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum hydroxide | I | Influenza, SARS |
| III | Leishmania | |
| Alhydrogel | II | Anthrax, plague, Leishmania |
| Montanide ISA | I/II | Melanoma, solid tumors, malaria |
| QS-21 | I | Cancer: breast, prostate, lung, HIV |
| II | Melanoma (skin) | |
| MF59 | I/II | Influenza A (H9N2), avian flu (H5N1), HIV |
| ISCOMATRIX | II | Melanoma |
| MLPA, MPL and other TLR-4 ligands | I | HIV, visceral Leishmaniasis |
| II | Allergy (tree pollen) | |
| MDP and other TLR-2 ligands | I | HIV |
| AS15-SB, (liposomes with MPLA and QS-21) | III | Lung cancer |
| AS02A, AS01B | I/II | Malaria, HIV, melanoma |
| CpG (TLR-9 ligand) | I | Malaria, cancer: breast, melanoma |
| II | Allergy: ragweed | |
| Imiquimod (TLR-7 ligand) | I/II | Influenza, melanoma |
| Heat Liable Toxin (LTK63 and LT-R192G) | I | HIV, tuberculosis, E. coli (ETEC) |
| Diphtheria Toxin | II | Hepatitis B |
| IMP321 (Th1 activating peptide) | I | Hepatitis B |
| IL-12 | I | HIV, Leishmania, melanoma |
| II | Prostate cancer | |
| IL-15 | I | HIV |
| IL-2 | I | HIV, melanoma |
| GM-CSF | I/II | HIV, cancer: melanoma, lung, ovarian, B cell lymphoma, Hepatitis B |
| Type I interferon | I | Influenza |
| Virus carrier: fowlpox, vaccina virus, canarypox | I/II | Cancer: solid tumors, breast, prostate |
| Bacterial carrier: Salmonella typhi CVD | I | HIV |
| PLG microparticles | I | HIV |
*
Data from http:clinicaltrials.gov.