Mareev 2017.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods | double‐blinded, randomised controlled clinical trial with parallel design | |
Participants | 148 participants with heart failure NYHA functional class I to IV and LVEF < 45% who were on optimal medical therapy. Randomisation ratio was 2:1 101 participants in the coenzyme Q10 group and 47 participants in the placebo group |
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Interventions | Intervention with dose: coenzyme Q10 nasal drops (90 mg/day = equivalent 225 mg/day for liposoluble tablets) Control: placebo |
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Outcomes | All outcomes measured at 24 weeks dynamics of NYHA functional class, The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, distance of 6‐minute walking test, LVEF, brain natriuretic peptide level, coenzyme Q10 levels, adverse events |
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Notes | 300 participants were initially included in the study, 152 of them failed to follow up and were excluded from the analysis. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Random sequence generation method was not mentioned |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Details about allocation concealment were not mentioned |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Double‐blinded |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information about blinding the assessors given |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Of 300 enrolled participants, 152 participants were excluded as they failed to follow up; only 148 participants were included in the analysis |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No study protocol was available |
Other bias | Low risk | No other bias could be found |