Tinsley 2019.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised control trial
Participants	27 participants aged between 18 and 30 Inclusion criteria: participants were required to have prior RT experience, defined as reporting ≥1 year of RT at a frequency of 2 to 4 sessions per week and with weekly training of major upper‐ and lower‐body muscle groups. Additionally, participants were screened for BF% using multi frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA; mBCA 514/515, Seca). The original target BF% range for participants was 15% to 29%; however, due to data from our lab indicating overestimations of body fat via MFBIA compared with a 4‐component (4C) model in resistance‐trained females (19), individuals with ≤33% body fat at screening were considered eligible. Exclusion criteria: individuals were excluded if they did not meet the aforementioned criteria or were pregnant, trying to become pregnant, currently breastfeeding, cigarette smokers, allergic to dairy protein, or had a pacemaker or other electrical implant.
Interventions	3‐arm trial Intervention (n = 13): TRF participants were instructed to consume all calories between 12:00 hours and 20:00 hours each day Comparator (n = 14): control diet/ad libitum feeding Third arm was TRF+ β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and was not included in this analysis
Outcomes	Body weight
Notes	Funding: supported by MTI Biotech Inc. and Texas Tech University. In‐kind donations were received from MTI Biotech Inc. (HMB and placebo capsule supplements) and Dymatize Enterprises (whey protein supplements). Type of paper: full‐text publication TRF‐ time restricted feeding
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomisation was performed quote: "using sequences produced from a random sequence generator (http://www.random.org)"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Given that the allocation sequence within each stratum was randomly generated, it is likely to have been adequately concealed; quote: "Eligible participants were... randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 study groups [CD plus placebo (CD), TRF plus placebo (TRF), or TRF plus HMB (TRFHMB)] using sequences produced from a random sequence generator (http://www.random.org). Each participant within a given stratum was allocated in a sequential manner to the first available group assignment at the time of baseline [i.e., week 0 (W0)] testing using the random integer sequence for that stratum."
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Trainers supervising the RT program were asked not to discuss group assignment with participants in order to maintain blinding with respect to the assigned dietary program. However, since this trial was a dietary intervention study, it was not feasible for participants or all study personnel to be blinded to the group assignment
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not clarified.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants were included in intention‐to‐treat analysis. There were high dropout rates in all groups; dropout rate of 5 out of 14 participants (35.7%) in the control group, and 5 out of 13 participants (38.5%) in the TRF group.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All pre‐specified outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03404271) were reported in the Results section.
Other bias	Low risk	Nothing to note.