Varady 2016a.

Study characteristics
Methods	This study examined the impact of ADF on markers of bone turnover in a 6‐month randomised controlled trial.
Participants	Obese participants Inclusion and exclusion criteria: none provided
Interventions	3‐arm trial Intervention: alternate day fasting (25% energy intake fast day, alternated with 125% intake feast day) Comparator 1: calorie restriction (75% intake every day) Comparator 2: control (ad libitum intake every day)
Outcomes	Body weight, fat mass, and lean mass
Notes	Type of paper: abstract only There were no available data from the abstract to analyse and it was no possible to reach the author.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of randomisation not stated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Since this trial was a dietary intervention study, it was not feasible for participants or all study personnel to be blinded to the group assignment.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Abstract only and blinding of outcome assessment not indicated.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Abstract‐only and loss to follow‐up not indicated.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Abstract only.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Abstract only.

ADF: alternate day fasting; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; CER: Continuous energy restriction; CRP: C‐reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HDL: high density lipoprotein; ICR: Intermittent calorie restriction; IER: intermittent energy restriction; IGF‐1: insulin‐like growth factor‐1; LDL: low‐density lipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; TRF: time‐restricted feeding.