Table 1.
Baseline (time point 1) characteristics.
| Characteristic | Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number in cohort | 228 | 99 | |
| Main study variables | |||
| Number (%) in WHO class | |||
| 1–3 | 90 (39.5) | 37 (37.4) | <0.0001 |
| 4–5 | 107 (46.9) | 60 (60.6) | |
| 6 | 31 (13.6) | 2 (2.0) | |
| Mean (SD) of COV50 level | -0.19 (1.52) | -0.17 (1.23) | 0.92 |
| Number with characteristic (%) | |||
| White ethnicity | 205 (89.9) | 91 (91.9) | 0.68 |
| Women | 94 (41.2) | 43 (43.4) | 0.72 |
| Non-smoker | 109 (47.8) | 58 (58.6) | 0.031 |
| Hypertension | 137 (60.1) | 66 (66.7) | 0.27 |
| Heart failure | 30 (13.6) | 27 (27.8) | 0.0039 |
| Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 | 68 (29.8) | 26 (26.3) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 65 (28.5) | 41 (41.4) | 0.028 |
| Cancer | 13 (5.7) | 7 (7.1) | 0.62 |
| Use of RAS blockers, | 119 (52.2) | 55 (55.6) | 0.27 |
| Mean (SD) of characteristic | |||
| Age, yr | 63.1 (17.1) | 66.8 (16.1) | 0.68 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130.0 (23.4) | 127.5 (20.2) | 0.35 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79.9 (55.0) | 75.6 (12.2) | 0.45 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 83.4 (15.0) | 82.8 (17.9) | 0.75 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1 (6.0) | 27.4 (4.6) | 0.24 |
| Glomerular filtration rate, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 76.7 (30.9) | 78.7 (30.4) | 0.63 |
RAS blockers indicate blocker of the renin-angiotensin system, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers. The glomerular filtration rate was derived from serum creatinine, using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The p value indicates the difference between the timepoint 1 characteristics of the derivation and validation cohort.