Sun 2012.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised, single‐blind, non‐placebo‐controlled, parallel‐design study Baseline evaluation period: 4 weeks Follow‐up period: 8 weeks 2 treatment arms: high‐intensity rTMS at 90% of RMT (n = 31) and low‐intensity rTMS at 20% RMT (n = 29)
Participants	60 participants randomised. Mean age 20.5 years (SD 7 years). 41 male participants, 19 female participants Various types of epilepsies, but the majority were focal epilepsy with or without secondary generalisation. 20 participants had previously undergone surgical resection which failed to control the seizures.
Interventions	Treatment period: 2 weeks rTMS was delivered 3 times a day for 2 weeks to the focal epileptic zone best reflected on EEG with 500 stimuli at 0.5 Hz, separated by a 600‐second interval
Outcomes	Change in seizure frequency per week post‐treatment Proportion of people experiencing adverse events and withdrawals from the study Effect of rTMS on interictal ED at 60 minutes
Notes	The design of this study was different from the others due to no placebo control arm: there were four active treatment arms.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Sequence numbers generated by computer‐assisted randomisation program
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Concealment of allocation not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Participants and study personnel blinded except for those delivering therapy
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcome assessor was blinded to intervention group of participants
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No evidence of missing data, and study attrition reported. ITT analysis used.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Study protocols were not available. Primary and secondary outcomes stated in the methods section were reported in the results, all expected outcomes were reported.
Other bias	Low risk	No other sources of bias identified