Kennedy 2013.

Study characteristics
Methods	Cluster randomised controlled trial UK Primary outcome data from authors for multimorbidity sub‐group. No secondary outcome data available for multimorbidity sub‐group
Participants	Data on primary outcomes for sub‐group of 4023 participants with multimorbidity, defined as at least two of Diabetes/COPD/Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). 19% of full trial population (n = 5599) had 4 or more conditions, 50% 65 years or older.
Interventions	WISE intervention: System‐based approach to self‐management support. Practice level: training; provision of resources for staff participants: guidebooks on self‐management; web‐based directory of local services; some IBS specific material
Outcomes	Primary: Shared decision making Self‐efficacy HRQol (EQ5D) Secondary: No data available for multimorbidity sub‐group
Notes	Intervention 12 months, immediate follow‐up at 12 months Sub‐group data on primary outcomes from authors Comparison: usual care
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"minimisation algorithm by the trial statistician".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"Research staff recruiting practices are unaware of the next allocation in the sequence at the time of recruitment."
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Postal questionnaires and "analyst blind to practice allocation to trial arms"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	72% follow‐up at 12 months, balanced
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	None reported
Other bias	Low risk	None reported
Protection against contamination	Low risk	Cluster design
Reliable primary outcomes	Low risk	Validated measures
Baseline measurement	Low risk	Comparable at baseline