Behotas 1992.

Study characteristics
Methods	Multi‐arm RCT ‐ 3 groups
Participants	Women whose post‐episiotomy pain warranted analgesia Hospital ‘Sainte‐Antonie’, Paris Participants were followed up on day‐1 postpartum Women with hepatic or renal malfunction, a previous duodenal ulcer and those whose condition contra‐indicated treatment with NSAIDs, were excluded
Interventions	Intervention: ibuprofen 400 mg (N = 31) Comparison: paracetamol 1 g (N = 28) and placebo (N = 31)
Outcomes	Pain intensity measured by VAS before, 30 minutes and thereafter hourly up to 6 hours (0 = no pain to 100 = worst possible pain); verbal scale at hour 0, hour 1 and hour 6 (0 = no pain to 5 = worst possible pain) Degree of improvement in response to treatment (0 = no improvement to 4 = greatly improved). 4‐ and 6‐hourly pain data were only available for ibuprofen and not for the comparator treatments Need for additional analgesia data (6 hours) were the only outcome data available for inclusion in the review
Notes	Dates of study: NR Funding sources: NR Declarations of interest: NR
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Identical white containers only – insufficient information as to whether these were sequentially‐numbered and sealed
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No clear statement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Data provided for all 90 participants (0% attrition rate in all groups)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Prespecified outcomes were all reported
Other bias	Low risk	Participants were similar in terms of geographical background, socio‐professional status and their overall clinical picture