Hopkinson 1980.

Study characteristics
Methods	Multi‐arm RCT – 4 groups
Participants	Women with moderate or severe post‐episiotomy pain Abington Memorial Hospital, Pennsylvania, USA Women with eclampsia and those who had received analgesic drugs within 12 hours prior to study, were excluded
Interventions	Intervention: ibuprofen 400 mg (N = 80); ibuprofen 800 mg (N = 80) and propoxyphene 65 mg (N = 81) Comparison: placebo (N = 81)
Outcomes	Pain intensity Relief of pain Additional analgesia Side effects Evaluations of pain were recorded at 30 minutes, and hourly thereafter up to 4 hours after treatment administration
Notes	Propoxyphene 65 mg was not considered in the review as not a NSAID Dates of study: NR Funding sources: NR Declarations of interest: NR
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No clear statement on methods used
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No clear statement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No clear statement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Appear to be missing data (dropouts or withdrawals) at 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐hour assessments; no clear statement as to reasons in study publication
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Side effects not mentioned/reported; no reason provided
Other bias	Low risk	There were no statistically significant differences between any of the groups on baseline parameters or characteristics