Lim 2008.

Study characteristics
Methods	Parallel RCT – 2 groups.
Participants	Women who spontaneously delivered a singleton fetus and sustained perineal damage requiring repair; women were randomised as soon as possible after completion of perineal suturing A state‐funded public maternity hospital which also serves as an affiliated teaching hospital in Penang, Malaysia Women with known allergy to NSAIDs, epidural during labour, 3rd‐ or higher‐degree tear, instrumental vaginal birth, a history of peptic ulcer, asthma, thrombocytopenia, renal impairment or severe postpartum haemorrhage > 1500 mL, were excluded
Interventions	Intervention: celecoxib 200 mg (N = 163) Comparison: diclofenac 100 mg (N = 165)
Outcomes	Pain scores on VAS of 0 ‐ 10 Pain relief = overall relief satisfaction score on VAS of 0 ‐ 10 (N/A for review as results presented at 24 hours post‐treatment) Adverse symptoms (on questionnaire – yes/no) ‐ (N/A for review as results presented at 24 hours post‐treatment) Rescue medication (N/A for review as results presented at 24 hours post‐treatment) Pain score (VAS) were completed by women at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. 4‐hour data used in the review
Notes	Dates of study: January to June 2006 Funding sources: NR Declarations of interest: NR
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No clear statement on method used
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Numbered sealed opaque envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No clear statement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Incomplete outcome data balanced across groups (attrition rates: 15 of 164 (9%) in the celecoxib groups and 15 of 165 (9%) in the diclofenac group). Analysis by intention‐to‐treat
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Prespecified outcomes were all reported
Other bias	Low risk	No significant differences between the groups in any characteristics