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. 2020 Dec 8;2020(12):MR000040. doi: 10.1002/14651858.MR000040.pub3
Document type Absolute effect (95% CI)* Relative effect
RR (95% CI)
Number of studies Certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach for intervention studies** Certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach for prognostic studies***
Event rate in documents with conflicts of interest Event rate in documents without conflicts of interest
Financial conflicts of interest
Clinical guidelines 54 (40 to 72) clinical guidelines with favourable recommendations per 100 clinical guidelines with financial conflicts of interest**** 43 clinical guidelines with favourable recommendations per 100 clinical guidelines without financial conflicts of interest 1.26
(0.93 to 1.69)
4 studies including 86 clinical guidelines Very low Low
Downgraded due to study limitations (four studies with high risk of bias) and imprecision (wide CI*****)
Advisory committee reports 78 (64 to 94) advisory committee reports with favourable recommendations per 100 advisory committee reports with financial conflicts of interest 65 advisory committee reports with favourable recommendations per 100 advisory committee reports without financial conflicts of interest 1.20
(0.99 to 1.45)
4 studies including 629 advisory committee reports Very low Low
Downgraded due to study limitations (two studies with high risk of bias) and imprecision (wide CI*****)
Opinion pieces 71 (25 to 100******) opinion pieces with favourable recommendations per 1000 opinion pieces with financial conflicts of interest 27 opinion pieces with favourable recommendations per 100 opinion pieces without financial conflicts of interest 2.62
(0.91 to 7.55)
4 studies including 284 opinion pieces Very low Very low
Downgraded due to study limitations (three studies with high risk of bias), imprecision (wide CI*****), and inconsistency (substantial statistical heterogeneity)
Narrative reviews 72 (58‐89) narrative reviews with favourable recommendations per 100 narrative reviews with financial conflicts of interest 60 narrative reviews with favourable recommendations per 100 narrative reviews without financial conflicts of interest 1.20
(0.97 to 1.49)
4 studies including 457 narrative reviews Very low Low
Downgraded due to study limitations (three studies with high risk of bias) and imprecision (wide CI*****)
Non‐financial conflicts of interest
Clinical guidelines 90 (39‐100*****) clinical guidelines with favourable recommendations per 100 clinical guidelines with one or more radiology authors 43 clinical guidelines with favourable recommendations per 100 clinical guidelines without radiology authors 2.10
(0.92‐4.77)
1 study including 12 clinical guidelines Very low Low
Downgraded due to study limitations (one study with high risk of bias) and imprecision (wide CI*****)