Summary of findings 1. Bethanechol compared to placebo for preventing bladder dysfunction after radical hysterectomy in women with early‐stage cervical cancer.
| Comparison 1: Bethanechol versus placebo | ||||||
| Patients: women with early‐stage cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy Setting: tertiary hospital Intervention: bethanechol Comparison: placebo | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
|
Assumed risk: placebo |
Corresponding risk: bethanechol |
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| Rate of spontaneous voiding recovery 1 week after surgery | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| Quality of life (QoL) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| Time after surgery to post‐void residual volume of urine ≤ 50 mL (days) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| Adverse events | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| Post‐void residual urine volume (mL) at 1 month after surgery | Mean 98.4 | MD 37.4 lower (60.35 lower to 14.45 lower) | ‐ | 39 participants (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low a,b | |
| Urinary tract infections in the first month after surgery | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| Subjective urinary symptoms | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Not reported |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
aThe evidence was downgraded by two levels due to imprecision (combination of sparse data and a low number of events). bThe evidence was downgraded by one level due to unclear risk of selection bias.