Hammoud 2014.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods |
Study design: parallel RCT Number of centers/setting: single center/not reported Country: Egypt Dates of the study: January 2010 to October 2012 |
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Participants |
Total number of participants randomized: 96
Age (mean, years):
Sex (M/F):
Stone location:
Stone size (mean, mm):
Inclusion criteria: males with solitary, radio‐opaque upper urinary tract stones, ≤ 20 mm in the maximum diameter Exclusion criteria: not reported |
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Interventions |
Treatment group:
Control group: control SWL:
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Outcomes |
Primary: stone clearance and analgesic dose
Secondary: clearance rate, time to clearance Subgroups: stone location (renal, upper ureteric), size (5–10 mm, 11–20 mm), timing (2, 4, 6, 8 weeks) |
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Funding sources | None | |
Declarations of interest | Not reported | |
Notes |
Language of publication: English Type of publication: abstract only Date of contact attempt with study authors: none Contact status: N/A |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: method of random sequence generation unclear. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: unclear whether allocation was concealed. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comment: no placebo use described; participants likely not blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Investigator assessed; susceptible (stone clearance, time to stone clearance) | Unclear risk | Comment: outcome assessors likely not blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Investigator assessed; susceptible (major adverse events) | Unclear risk | Comment: outcome assessors likely not blinded. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comment: unable to assess what proportion of randomized participants were included in outcome analyses. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: no protocol available. |
Other bias (additional SWL sessions) | Unclear risk | Comment: unclear whether > 1 SWL session was administered. |