Liu 2009.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods |
Study design: RCT Number of centers/setting: not reported Country: China Dates of the study: not reported |
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Participants |
Total number of participants randomized: 108
Age: not reported Sex (M/F): not reported Stone location: ureteral Stone size: not reported Inclusion criteria: single ureteral stone Exclusion criteria: not reported |
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Interventions |
Treatment group:
Control group: conservative therapy only SWL: not reported |
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Outcomes |
Primary: primary stone clearance
Secondary: number and intensity postdischarge pain Subgroups: stone size (≥ 10 mm, < 10 mm), stone location (proximal, distal ureteral) |
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Funding sources | Not reported | |
Declarations of interest | Not reported | |
Notes |
Language of publication: English Type of publication: abstract only Date of contact attempt with study authors: none Contact status: N/A |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: method of random sequence generation not described. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: allocation concealment not addressed. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: no mention of placebo; participants likely not blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Investigator assessed; susceptible (stone clearance, time to stone clearance) | High risk | Comment: unlikely that outcome assessors were blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Investigator assessed; susceptible (major adverse events) | High risk | Comment: unlikely that outcome assessors were blinded. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comment: unable to assess what proportion of randomized participants were included in outcome analyses. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: no protocol available. |
Other bias (additional SWL sessions) | Unclear risk | Comment: unclear whether > 1 SWL session was administered. |