Rakesh 2015.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods |
Study design: parallel RCT Number of centers/setting: not reported Country: India Dates of the study: not reported |
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Participants |
Total number of participantsrandomized: 120
Age: not reported Sex (M/F): not reported Stone location: not reported Stone size: not reported Inclusion criteria: inclusion criteria for ESWL Exclusion criteria: exclusion criteria for ESWL |
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Interventions |
Treatment group:
Control group: no adjuvant therapy SWL: not reported |
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Outcomes | Stone fragmentation, stone clearance, postprocedure analgesic requirement and final success of ESWL procedure
Subgroups: stone location (lower, non‐lower calyx), stone size, stone density (CT Hounsfield units) |
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Funding sources | Not reported | |
Declarations of interest | Not reported | |
Notes |
Language of publication: English Type of publication: abstract only Date of contact attempt with study authors: none Contact status: N/A |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: method of sequence generation not described. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: unclear whether allocation was concealed. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comment: no mention of placebo; participants likely not blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Investigator assessed; susceptible (stone clearance, time to stone clearance) | High risk | Comment: investigators likely not blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Investigator assessed; susceptible (major adverse events) | High risk | Comment: investigators likely not blinded. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comment: unable to assess what proportion of randomized participants were included in outcome analyses. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: no protocol available. |
Other bias (additional SWL sessions) | Unclear risk | Comment: unclear whether > 1 SWL session was administered. |