FIG 2.

Effect of PKC inhibitors on HSV-1 entry. (A) Vero cells were treated with a series of dilutions of the PKC inhibitor Gouml or the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (STS) for 4 h and then infected with HSV-1 (McKrae) (100 PFU) for 1 h at 4°C. Cells were incubated at 37°C for 48 h for plaque assay. Viral plaques were counted after crystal violet staining. ***, P < 0.001 versus no-drug-treated control. Statistical comparison was conducted by Graph Pad prism using ANOVA with a post hoc t test with Bonferroni adjustment. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval about the mean. (B) Vero cells were treated with a series of dilutions of PKC inhibitor (Gouml) or protein kinase inhibitor (staurosporine) for 4 h and then infected with McKrae (MOI of 20) for 1 h at 4°C. Cells were incubated at 37°C for 3 h and then fixed with formalin and permeabilized with methanol. Antibodies against VP5 (ICP5) (red), and α-tubulin (green) were used, and nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Magnification, 40×.