Table 3. Characteristics of housing qualities of study participants.

Country	Number of children aged 36–59 months without missing information (N)a	Finished building materials (%)	Improved drinking water (%)	Improved sanitation facilities (%)	Sufficient living area (%)	Improved housing (%)
Benin	4,709	69.6	73.5	34.8	56.9	17.4
Côte d’Ivoire	3,598	73.7	76.8	36.2	61.1	18.2
Cameroon	2,739	59.0	69.7	49.7	70.6	28.3
Chad	6,375	16.7	54.8	16.1	48.5	4.3
Congo	3,526	59.8	67.4	29.8	60.7	17.4
DR Congo	8,453	19.4	36.9	27.0	59.9	4.5
Eswatini	1,038	88.1	67.3	76.5	66.9	38.0
Gambia	4,115	89.6	88.1	48.4	77.8	33.7
Ghana	3,521	85.1	83.9	52.5	53.5	23.6
Guinea	3,099	71.1	78.5	48.0	65.7	24.5
Guinea-Bissau	2,849	28.5	68.2	11.9	74.3	5.6
Lesotho	1,292	63.2	85.8	65.3	51.5	28.3
Madagascar	5,004	23.2	31.5	8.9	29.8	3.6
Malawi	7,536	34.8	85.1	59.8	69.7	17.4
Mali	6,318	39.2	66.3	41.8	65.4	15.7
Mauritania	4,005	45.0	80.1	45.8	35.2	18.6
Nigeria	11,101	63.7	65.5	46.7	54.3	19.4
Sierra Leone	4,568	50.4	57.1	37.8	73.1	16.6
Togo	1,946	84.0	71.3	36.9	65.9	20.6
Zimbabwe	2,479	79.4	75.2	64.1	71.3	39.8

^aNumber of children without missing information on ECDI, confounding variables, and exposures.

ECDI, Early Childhood Development Index.