Table 2. Immunological binding activities for Daboia russelii snake venoms against Indian VINS Polyvalent Antivenom (VPAV).

Venom origin	EC50 (µg/mL)	Emax (Absorbance)
Daboia russelii (Sri Lanka)	5.895±0.043*	3.515±0.011*
Daboia russelii (India)	5.218±0.063*	3.797±0.044*

Values were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. from triplicate experiments. *Significant difference between venoms (p < 0.05). EC₅₀: concentration of antivenom at half value of absorbance max. E_max: maximum absorbance at the highest antivenom concentration.