FIG 2.
Polymyxin B persisters exhibit membrane depolarization-mediated delocalization of the cell division protein. (A) Measurement of the membrane potential component Δψ using the membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent probe DiBAC4. (B) Measurement of the ΔpH component using the fluorescent probe ACMA. (C) Drop in intracellular ATP levels determined in polymyxin B persisters using CCCP, with AsO45− as a control where indicated. (D) Subcellular localization of the FtsZ ring and nucleoid segregation studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells were immunostained with polyclonal anti-FtsZ antibody followed by FITC-conjugated secondary antibody, and nucleoid visualization was performed by staining the cell with DAPI. The distribution of FtsZ along the cells was analyzed using ImageJ software. Scale bars for all images, 1 μm. WT, wild-type. ****, P < 0.0001.